Can someone explain how to half swipe on Snapchat?

Forget half swipes. Use notification previews instead.

On iPhone

  1. Settings → Notifications → Snapchat.
  2. Turn on Lock Screen alerts and Show Previews.
  3. Now read most messages from the lock screen without opening the app.

On Android

  1. Settings → Notifications → Snapchat.
  2. Enable lock screen notifications and message preview.

You read content from the shade or lock screen.
Snapchat will not mark the chat as opened until you tap into it.